Mutual intense artillery shelling was taking place on 7 May 2025 between India and Pakistan in Kashmir.
The artillery fire came after India conducted airstrikes against Pakistani targets at nine locations earlier on 7 May, saying it was hitting terrorist infrastructure while clarifying it was not attacking Pakistan’s military facilities.
Efforts Category: India vs Pakistan Military Force
The Indian airstrikes against Pakistan on 7 May 2025 came in response to the 22 April terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Indian Kashmir, where terrorists murdered civilians, targeting the Hindus specifically.
According to India’s National Investigation Agency, Pakistani-backed Islamist organization Lashkar-e-Taiba was involved in the attack along with the Pakistani state agencies.
Pakistan’s has long sought to undermine India’s control over Kashmir.
Efforts Category: Pakistan’s Covert Subversion vs India
On 6 May 2025, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that India would “stop its water from flowing over international borders,” meaning into Pakistan. On 5 May it became known that India had “begun work to boost reservoir holding capacity at two hydroelectric projects” in Kashmir.
Two weeks before this announcement, India suspended the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty regulating water sharing with Pakistan, “until Pakistan credibly and irrevocably abjures its support for cross-border terrorism.”
Pakistan’s agriculture is heavily dependent on the water of the rivers flowing into it from India. The Indian move is therefore a heavy blow against the Pakistani economy and food supply.
India’s move came in response to Pakistan’s subversion against India in Kashmir, the latest manifestation of which came on 22 April 2025 in the form of a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir.
Efforts Category: India’s Economic Subversion vs Pakistan
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