On 6 October 2025, Australia and Papua New Guinea signed the Pukpuk Treaty – a mutual defense agreement obliging each side to come to another’s help if it is militarily attacked.
Other provisions of the treaty allow “as many as 10,000 Papua New Guineans to serve with the Australian Defence Force, under dual arrangements,” and include an agreement by the two nations “not to undertake any activities or enter into any agreements that would compromise the implementation of this Treaty.”
Efforts Category: Australia-Papua New Guinea Diplomatic and Military Cooperation
Modern Great Game Watch 